Immunohistochemistry in placental pathology.

Although the clinical background, gross and hematoxylin-eosin examination usually suffice for the placental diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (immunohistochemistry) is essential in many cases, particularly in high-risk pregnancy.

The double E-cadherin/CD34 immuno-stain is the backbone of it, particularly for diagnosing the early fetal vascular malper-fusion (FVM) characterized by the endothelial fragmentation preceding the villous hypovascularity/avascularity of distal FVM.