Analysis of influencing factors and nomogram of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-age children.
Nomogram using prenatal, family, and sleep factors predicts attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder risk in children
Analysis of influencing factors and nomogram of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-age children.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in school-aged children (6-13 years) that can lead to significant functional impairment if not identified early.
This study aims to identify factors associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among school-age children and evaluate the predictive value of a risk nomogram.
We conducted a retrospective study including 155 school-age children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder at the Minhang District Mental Health Centre (Shanghai) between June 2022 and May 2025, and 155 age-matched healthy controls who underwent physical examination during the same period.
AUROC 0.817, good at separating children with and without future attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Family harmony was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.455).
The model showed satisfactory calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.355) with a sensitivity of 75.48% and specificity of 76.77%.
The nomogram prediction model developed in this study demonstrates good predictive performance and may serve as a preliminary tool for early identification of at-risk children, though external validation is needed before clinical implementation.
These findings highlight the importance of targeted preventive interventions addressing modifiable risk factors, particularly focusing on prenatal care, family harmony, sleep hygiene, and screen time management, to reduce the probability of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in school-age children.