Importance of clinical, ultrasound and cytological characteristics in predicting malignancy in thyroid…

Cohort studyAnnals of medicine· Dec 2026

Importance of clinical, ultrasound and cytological characteristics in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.

Gabriel Gonçalves Dos Santos, Wendy Muller Tirapani, Cínthia Minatel Riguetto … Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann

CytopathologyCohort studyDiagnosisQ1IF 5.0

Hypoechoic thyroid nodules have much higher odds of malignancy in indeterminate cytology

Importance of clinical, ultrasound and cytological characteristics in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.

Gabriel Gonçalves Dos Santos … Denise Engelbrecht Zantut-Wittmann

Annals of medicine · Dec 2026 · Q1 in General Medicine

Background

To identify demographic, ultrasonographic and cytological features that could improve the management of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.

Methods

From 592 patients with indeterminate cytology (2008-2022), 77 were included after excluding those without histopathological confirmation or with non-PTC malignancies.

n = 592 patients

Results

OR 7.8

hypoechoic nodules had far greater odds of malignancy

n = 592 patients

“

Conclusion · 1 of 2

Younger patient age, the presence of hypo- or isoechogenicity on ultrasound, and nuclear atypia (nuclear clefts) on cytology are associated with a higher risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Integrating these readily accessible markers offers a practical and cost-effective strategy for risk stratification in indeterminate nodules.

Importance of clinical, ultrasound and cytological characteristics in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.

Importance of clinical, ultrasound and cytological characteristics in predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.

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