Longitudinal changes in BMI and growth with nutritional determinants in children with congenital heart disease: A retrospective cohort study.

Significant post-intervention catch-up growth was observed, particularly for HAZ during follow-up (P < 0.001), indicating sustained linear growth recovery with the greatest improvement seen among infants (0-1 year) in BAZ and WAZ.

Subtype analysis showed sustained improvement in ventricular septal defect (P < 0.001).

Pre-intervention malnutrition was significantly associated with frequent fainting (syncope), paternal addiction, low socioeconomic status, and cyanosis (P < 0.001).

Younger age at intervention was associated with higher odds of persistent early post-interventional malnutrition.