Elevated Intraocular Pressure Independently Predicts Long-Term Progression to Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A 20-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study.

The annual decline in eGFR associated with higher baseline IOP was -0.939 mL/min/year, based on ROC-derived risk stratification.

Multivariable Fine-Gray analysis identified IOP ≥17.5 mmHg as an independent risk factor for advanced chronic kidney disease, together with older age, obesity, diabetes, and proteinuria.

These findings were consistent in the propensity score-matched cohort (HR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.01-2.39; p = 0.043).