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New research · Ophthalmology
Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie · 5d
Meta-analysisCanadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie · 2026

Is ophthalmology a pain-free career? A systematic review and meta-analysis of musculoskeletal pain among ophthalmologists.

Harrison Watt, Ali Salimi, Mohammad Karam … Hady Saheb
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OphthalmologyMeta-analysis

About 70% of ophthalmologists report work-related musculoskeletal pain.

Is ophthalmology a pain-free career? A systematic review and meta-analysis of musculoskeletal pain among ophthalmologists.

Harrison Watt … Hady Saheb
Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie · 2026
Purpose

To estimate the pooled prevalence, anatomical distribution, and occupational impact of work-related musculoskeletal (musculoskeletal) pain among ophthalmologists, and to identify modifiable ergonomic risk factors.

Methods

The participants were 6691 ophthalmologists from 21 studies.

n = 21 studies
Results

most ophthalmologists have pain from work, not just a few

41%
Neck
36%
Lower back
28%
Shoulder
More results

Pain led to workload modification in up to 44% and contributed to reduced clinical volume, sick leave, or contemplation of early retirement.

Forty-six percent (95% CI: 22%-71%) pursued no treatment; 39% (95% CI: 30%-49%) used medical therapy; and 29% (95% CI: 20%-41%) sought physiotherapy.

More results

Heterogeneity was high across studies, reflecting differing case definitions and self-reported measures.

“
Conclusion · 1 of 2

Musculoskeletal pain affects most ophthalmologists, particularly in the cervical and lumbar regions and frequently alters practice patterns.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

These findings underscore the need for early ergonomic training, structured micro-breaks, and workspace redesign. Prospective intervention trials are required to establish causality and quantify benefit.

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