Is ophthalmology a pain-free career? A systematic review and meta-analysis of musculoskeletal pain among ophthalmologists.

Pain led to workload modification in up to 44% and contributed to reduced clinical volume, sick leave, or contemplation of early retirement.

Forty-six percent (95% CI: 22%-71%) pursued no treatment; 39% (95% CI: 30%-49%) used medical therapy; and 29% (95% CI: 20%-41%) sought physiotherapy.

Heterogeneity was high across studies, reflecting differing case definitions and self-reported measures.