Histopathological Characteristics of the Levator Muscle in Congenital and Acquired Ptosis With Varying…

Cohort studyThe Journal of craniofacial surgery· Jul 2026

Histopathological Characteristics of the Levator Muscle in Congenital and Acquired Ptosis With Varying Levator Function.

Nilay Yuksel, Bilge Tarim, Huban S Orhun, Atike B Tefon Aribas

Surgical PathologyCohort studyQ3IF 1.1

Weaker levator function is associated with more fat infiltration in the eyelid-lifting muscle

Histopathological Characteristics of the Levator Muscle in Congenital and Acquired Ptosis With Varying Levator Function.

Nilay Yuksel … Atike B Tefon Aribas

The Journal of craniofacial surgery · Jul 2026 · Q3 in General Medicine

Background

Levator function (levator function) is a key parameter in the evaluation and surgical planning of blepharoptosis; however, it does not always correlate with clinical severity or outcomes.

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the histopathological characteristics of the levator palpebrae superioris (levator palpebrae superioris) muscle in congenital and acquired (involutional) ptosis with different levator function levels.

Methods

Were categorized into 3 groups based on levator function: congenital ptosis with levator function >5 mm (group 1, n=10), acquired ptosis with levator function 9 to 13 mm (group 2, n=12), and acquired ptosis with levator function >14 mm (group 3, n=16).

n = 10

Results

r=-0.23

Weak negative correlation: lower eyelid-lifting strength, more fat within the muscle tissue

n = 10

More results

Muscle tissue was present in all specimens.

Fat infiltration differed significantly among groups (P=0.029), being more frequent in groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3 (P=0.041 and 0.039), with no difference between groups 1 and 2 (P=0.218).

More results

Severe fibrosis was observed only in group 1, without statistical significance (P=0.193).

Edema and inflammation showed no significant differences between groups (P=0.771, P=0.359).

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Conclusion

Fat infiltration and muscle content are associated with levator function and may partially explain functional variability independent of ptosis etiology.

Histopathological Characteristics of the Levator Muscle in Congenital and Acquired Ptosis With Varying Levator Function.

Histopathological Characteristics of the Levator Muscle in Congenital and Acquired Ptosis With Varying Levator Function.

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