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New research · Pulmonology & Critical Care
Archivos de bronconeumologia · 23h
Cohort studyArchivos de bronconeumologia · 2026

Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults Aged≥50 Years With HIV: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis.

Catia Cillóniz, Antonio Campanella, Davide Calabretta … José M Miro
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Pulmonology & Critical CareCohort study

HIV status was not significantly associated with 30-day mortality in older adults with pneumonia.

Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults Aged≥50 Years With HIV: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis.

Catia Cillóniz et al. · Archivos de bronconeumologia · 2026
Background

People with HIV (PWH) may experience accelerated aging, chronic inflammation, early immunosenescence, and increased vulnerability to pneumonia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from November 1996 to March 2025, including adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

n = 5404 patients
Results

People with HIV had a higher hazard of 30-day mortality, not statistically significant.

HR 2.76 (95% CI 0.73 to 10.39)
null = 10.7310.39
CI crosses the null - not significant
More results

Among 5404 patients with CAP, 5306 (98%) were HIV negative and 98 (2%) were PWH.

In the unmatched cohort, PWH were younger, more likely to be smokers, and more likely to report alcohol misuse; they also had more comorbidities and prior pneumonia.

More results

Despite milder initial clinical features and lower inflammatory marker levels, PWH had longer ICU stays.

HIV status was not associated with ICU admission or 30-day or 1-year mortality in crude analyses.

“
Conclusion · 1 of 2

In this single-center cohort of adults aged ≥50 years hospitalized with CAP, we did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between HIV infection and mortality after propensity score matching.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

However, the limited sample size and wide confidence intervals reduce statistical precision, and clinically relevant differences cannot be excluded.

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