Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults Aged≥50 Years With HIV: A Propensity…

Cohort studyArchivos de bronconeumologia· Jul 2026

Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults Aged≥50 Years With HIV: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis.

Catia Cillóniz, Antonio Campanella, Davide Calabretta … José M Miro

Pulmonology & Critical CareCohort studyPrognosisQ2IF 2.0

HIV status was not significantly associated with 30-day mortality in older adults with pneumonia.

Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults Aged≥50 Years With HIV: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis.

Catia Cillóniz … José M Miro

Archivos de bronconeumologia · Jul 2026

Background

People with HIV (PWH) may experience accelerated aging, chronic inflammation, early immunosenescence, and increased vulnerability to pneumonia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from November 1996 to March 2025, including adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (community-acquired pneumonia).

n = 5404 patients

Results

People with HIV had a higher hazard of 30-day mortality, not statistically significant.

HR 2.76 (95% CI 0.73 to 10.39)

CI crosses the null - not significant

More results

Among 5404 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, 5306 (98%) were HIV negative and 98 (2%) were PWH.

In the unmatched cohort, PWH were younger, more likely to be smokers, and more likely to report alcohol misuse; they also had more comorbidities and prior pneumonia.

More results

Despite milder initial clinical features and lower inflammatory marker levels, PWH had longer intensive care unit stays.

HIV status was not associated with intensive care unit admission or 30-day or 1-year mortality in crude analyses.

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

In this single-center cohort of adults aged ≥50 years hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, we did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between HIV infection and mortality after propensity score matching.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

However, the limited sample size and wide confidence intervals reduce statistical precision, and clinically relevant differences cannot be excluded.

Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults Aged≥50 Years With HIV: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis.

Clinical Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults Aged≥50 Years With HIV: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis.

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