2026 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Expert Consensus Document: Diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients who undergo cardiac surgery.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia) in patients who undergo cardiac surgery presents unique diagnostic and management challenges due to universal perioperative heparin exposure, postoperative platelet kinetics, and the high prevalence of critical illness in this population.

By addressing the complexities unique to cardiac surgery, high-risk anticoagulation environments, and extracorporeal and temporary mechanical circulatory support, these recommendations aim to improve diagnostic accuracy, standardize care, reduce complications, and support safe heparin re-exposure or alternative anticoagulation strategies when surgery is required.