Hospital mortality, withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy decisions and early secondary brain insults for critically ill traumatic brain injury patients in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (2009-2024): an observational cohort study.

Of the 2,324,961 intensive care unit admissions, we identified 45,684 unique traumatic brain injury patients.

The proportion of withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy decisions rose from 7.5% (301/4024) to 19.7% (759/3850).

Traumatic brain injury patients were exposed to hypotension, hypocapnia, hypercapnia and hyperglycaemia in 49.8% (22,559/45,298), 29.9% (12,356/41,262), 33.6% (13,869/41,262) and 29.2% (12,127/41,505) of cases, respectively.