Association between cumulative intraoperative hypotension and postoperative ICU admission after gastrointestinal lumen cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study using the INSPIRE database.

Sustained intraoperative mean arterial pressure <65 mmHg, particularly for ≥30 min, was associated with higher odds of postoperative intensive care unit admission after adjustment for measured clinical and surgical factors.

Findings remained consistent when hypotension depth and time-normalized burden were considered, but do not establish causality or an intervention threshold.