Effectiveness of perioperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation in preventing post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia: network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Combination therapy also reduced biochemical hypocalcaemia compared with no supplementation (odds ratio 0.27, 0.17 to 0.42) and calcium alone (odds ratio 0.44, 0.22 to 0.83), and markedly decreased intravenous calcium requirements (odds ratio 0.15, 0.05 to 0.32).

Calcium monotherapy showed no significant benefit.

Combination therapy ranked as most effective and was associated with shorter length of hospital stay (mean difference 0.44 days).