Chronic Post-Surgical Pain at 3 Months After Breast Cancer Surgery: Incidence, Predictors, and an Internally Validated Risk Model.

In this single-centre Moroccan cohort, 39% of women developed chronic post-surgical pain at three months. Two validated models enable risk stratification at distinct clinical decision points.

Regional anaesthesia and ketamine were associated with lower chronic post-surgical pain risk, in a pattern consistent with mediation through prevention of severe acute pain under the model's assumptions; ketoprofen was independently associated with lower chronification risk.