Risk Factors and Patterns of Acute and Chronic Rejection in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis.

In total, 49/174 (28.2%) patients had pathologically confirmed acute rejection, whereas 12/174 (6.9%) experienced chronic rejection.

The most common type of rejection was T cell-mediated rejection TCMR (41/49 [83.7%]), followed by mixed rejection (TCMR and antibody-mediated rejection ABMR; 7/49 [14.3%]) and ABMR (1/49 [2%]).

Patients experiencing multiple rejection episodes were older (median age: 10 years; IQR: 7-11) compared to those with a single episode (median age: 7 years; IQR: 3-10) and those with no rejection episodes (median age: 6 years; IQR: 4-9) (p-value = 0.0012).