Comprehensive Immunisation Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in India-A Multilevel Modelling Analysis From…

Cohort studyPublic health challenges· Sep 2026

Comprehensive Immunisation Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in India-A Multilevel Modelling Analysis From the National Family Health Survey (2015-21).

Mansi Malik, Saurav Basu, Siaa Girotra, Satyajit Kundu

Public Health & General Preventive MedicineCohort studyClinical practiceQ1IF 1.8

Full childhood immunisation coverage in India rose from 2015-16 to 2019-21.

Comprehensive Immunisation Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in India-A Multilevel Modelling Analysis From the National Family Health Survey (2015-21).

Mansi Malik … Satyajit Kundu

Public health challenges · Sep 2026

Background

Under-5 child mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases (vaccine preventable diseases) contributes to an estimated burden of ∼5.2 million deaths globally, mostly within low- and middle-income countries (low- and middle-income countries).

Purpose

The objective of this study is to estimate vaccination coverage and identify factors associated with full immunisation among children aged 12-23 months from 2015 to 2021.

Results

vaccination coverage climbed to over three in four children

NFHS-4 (2015-16)

62.54%

NFHS-5 (2019-21)

76.81%

More results

We utilised the National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) and NFHS-5 datasets to determine the vaccination status (fully vaccinated/not fully vaccinated) among children aged 12-23 months using multilevel logistic regression analysis.

More results

The factors associated with significantly higher odds of full vaccination in both NFHS-4 and NFHS-5 included higher maternal age and education, higher wealth quintile, having ≥4 antenatal care visits, institutional delivery, pregnancy registration and exposure to media.

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Conclusion

With increasing saturation of vaccination coverage, the government programme needs a specific focus on addressing key determinants associated with vaccine uptake to achieve complete vaccination.

Comprehensive Immunisation Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in India-A Multilevel Modelling Analysis From the National Family Health Survey (2015-21).

Comprehensive Immunisation Among Children Aged 12-23 Months in India-A Multilevel Modelling Analysis From the National Family Health Survey (2015-21).

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