Effect of stress on insulin resistance among shift workers based on findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019, 2021): a retrospective cross-sectional study.

The mean age of participants was 44.56 years, and 78.1% were men.

Among the participants, 28.5% had insulin resistance.

In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher body mass index was associated with increased odds of insulin resistance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16~1.48).

The presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with higher odds of insulin resistance compared with its absence (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.31~5.33).