Augmented and Virtual Reality for Preprocedural Planning in Hepatic Transarterial Interventional Oncology: A Pilot Study in 50 Cases.

The median AR/VR planning time was 5 min [IQR 3.0-6.0], corresponding to a median of 6% of total case duration.

Likert score for procedural change had an overall mean of 3.3±1.3, with mean scores of 2.4±0.7 in cases where AR/VR did not influence the operator's intraprocedural approach and 4.4±0.8 in cases where AR/VR did influence the approach.

Anatomic visualization scored 4.7±0.8, anatomic understanding 4.7±0.9, and procedural confidence 4.6±1.0.

Workflow integration scored 4.8±0.5, system usability 4.5±0.9, and headset comfort 1.9±1.1.