Redefining Interstitial Lung Disease Diagnosis Through the Bronchoscope: Molecular and Imaging Innovations.

Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy has emerged as a safer tissue sampling method with 0.0% to 0.3% mortality compared with surgical approaches, albeit with reduced diagnostic yield.

Advanced technologies including systems biology approaches through proteomics and metabolomics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid reveal distinct molecular endotypes with differential survival trajectories, offering potential for personalized treatment strategies.