Beyond Structural Pathology: Central Sensitization and Chronic Pain with Reference to Lumbar Disc Herniation-A Narrative Review.

Chronic pain is increasingly understood as a multidimensional condition in which, in a substantial subgroup of patients, a protective symptom can evolve into a persistent maladaptive disorder of the nervous system, while in others it may remain closely tied to ongoing mechanical or structural factors.

Management strategies reported in these publications focus on mechanism-based interventions, particularly pain neuroscience education (pain neuroscience education) and graded, time-contingent exercise, which aim to modify pain-related cognitions and restore endogenous inhibitory processes.