Artificial intelligence differentiates prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis with thrombocytosis from essential thrombocythemia using digitized bone marrow biopsy images.

Prefibrotic primary myelofibrosis (prePMF) and essential thrombocythemia (essential thrombocythemia) are distinct myeloproliferative neoplasms (myeloproliferative neoplasms) with overlapping clinical features, often leading to diagnostic uncertainty.

To assess the image features guiding predictions, we generated synthetic images which potentially exaggerate disease-specific morphologies.