Comparison of Opioid Consumption During Paediatric Anaesthesia with and Without a Mandatory Protocol: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The use of a mandatory anaesthetic protocol based on a multimodal approach had an opioid-sparing effect in children undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy.

This retrospective analysis was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical University of Warsaw (identifier: AKBE/118/2025; date of acceptance: 12 May 2025), and the primary trial was registered in the U. S.

National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: NCT05238506; date of first registration: 14 February 2022).