Current clinical status of perioperative comfort therapy in pediatric anesthesia in China: a national cross-sectional survey.

Participating hospitals were predominantly tertiary A-grade facilities, accounting for 79.3% of the sample.

Non-pharmacological interventions were widely adopted, including comfort toys or picture books in 84.4%, play therapy in 44.2%, and educational videos in 36.1% of hospitals, whereas virtual reality was rarely used, with a utilization rate of 9.5%.

Only 12.7% of hospitals had dedicated induction rooms.

Notably, only 34.0% of hospitals used standardized scales to assess emergence delirium.