Premature menopause and hypertension as combined risk factors for cardiovascular events in women: a…

Cohort studyMenopause (New York, N.Y.)· Aug 2026

Premature menopause and hypertension as combined risk factors for cardiovascular events in women: a nationwide cohort analysis.

Kang-Un Choi, Bo Eun Park, Mayank Dalakoti … Hyungseop Kim

CardiologyCohort studyPrognosisQ1IF 3.1

Combined premature menopause and hypertension linked to highest cardiovascular event risk

Premature menopause and hypertension as combined risk factors for cardiovascular events in women: a nationwide cohort analysis.

Kang-Un Choi … Hyungseop Kim

Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · Aug 2026

Purpose

To evaluate the independent and combined effects of premature menopause (PM, before age 40) and hypertension on the risk of cardiovascular disease (cardiovascular disease) events in postmenopausal women using a nationwide Korean cohort.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, including 1,168,791 postmenopausal women (aged ≥40 y) without prior myocardial infarction or stroke, followed from 2009 to 2022 (mean follow-up, 11.5 y).

n = 1,168,791 postmenopausal women

Results

having both nearly doubles cardiovascular event risk versus neither factor

HR 1.64 (95% CI 1.56 to 1.71)

null 1

1.56

1.71

CI excludes the null - significant

More results

The prevalence of PM was 1.7%, whereas that of hypertension was 43.2%.

During follow-up, 117,499 cardiovascular disease events occurred (9.1 per 1,000 person-years).

“

Conclusion · 1 of 2

Coexisting PM and hypertension confer a markedly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease beyond either factor alone.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Menopausal age and hypertension should be integrated into cardiovascular disease risk stratification and primary prevention strategies for postmenopausal women.

Premature menopause and hypertension as combined risk factors for cardiovascular events in women: a nationwide cohort analysis.

Premature menopause and hypertension as combined risk factors for cardiovascular events in women: a nationwide cohort analysis.

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