Clinical predictors to guide additional evaluation after a first febrile urinary tract infection in children.

Of the 2,155 children, 88 (4.1%) subsequently underwent intervention, including continuous antibiotic prophylaxis in 40 and surgical procedures in 48.

Hospitalization or antibiotic use within the preceding month (p < 0.001), age ≥ 24 months (p < 0.001), infection with a non-E.coli pathogen (p < 0.001), failure to achieve defervescence ≤ 2 days after antibiotic therapy (p = 0.038), and peak body temperature > 39.0 ℃ (p = 0.007) were independently associated with subsequent intervention.