Efficacy and safety of rTMS for global symptom severity, negative symptoms, and auditory hallucinations in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (treatment-resistant schizophrenia) affects up to one-third of individuals with schizophrenia and remains a major clinical challenge despite optimized pharmacotherapy.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rTMS for reducing global symptom severity, negative symptoms, and auditory hallucinations in adults with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, and to examine the influence of stimulation parameters on treatment outcomes.