Predominant HLA class I associations with lupus nephritis susceptibility, histology class and reduced renal function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective case-control study.

The matched cohort included 388 systemic lupus erythematosus patients with biopsy-confirmed lupus nephritis and 381 systemic lupus erythematosus patients without lupus nephritis.

The study included 388 biopsy-confirmed lupus nephritis cases and 381 matched systemic lupus erythematosus controls without lupus nephritis.

Four alleles were independently associated with overall lupus nephritis susceptibility, including HLA-B*13:01 (adjusted OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.09-2.59), HLA-B*58:01 (1.69, 1.15-2.49), HLA-C*03:02 (1.75, 1.19-2.58) and HLA-DRB1*03:01 (1.51, 1.01-2.27).

Overall, the strongest associations were observed for HLA class I alleles, particularly HLA-B*13:01 in this study.