Coxsackievirus B Infections Are Associated With the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Children With Strong…

Case-controlDiabetes/metabolism research and reviews· Sep 2026

Coxsackievirus B Infections Are Associated With the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Children With Strong Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes-Results From the TRIGR Divia Study.

Maarit Oikarinen, Amirbabak Sioofy-Khojine, Leena Puustinen … TRIGR Investigators

EndocrinologyCase-controlQ1IF 8.0

Coxsackievirus B5 infection associated with increased odds of islet autoimmunity in children

Coxsackievirus B Infections Are Associated With the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Children With Strong Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes-Results From the TRIGR Divia Study.

Maarit Oikarinen … TRIGR Investigators

Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · Sep 2026 · Q1 in Internal Medicine

Purpose

Especially, the coxsackievirus B group of enteroviruses has been linked to the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible individuals.

Methods

In a nested case-control study within the TRIGR study, follow-up serum samples from 240 islet autoantibody-positive case children and 436 age- and country-matched control children were analysed for IgG class antibodies against 10 different respiratory and gastrointestinal microbes using an enzyme immunoassay, and for neutralising antibodies against all six coxsackievirus B types.

Results

coxsackievirus B5 infection more than doubled the odds of islet autoimmunity

OR by subgroup · 95% CI

More results

This association was particularly seen for infections occurring more than 12 months (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.06-3.84, p = 0.032) and 0-6 months (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.11-6.35, p = 0.028) before the first detection of multiple islet autoantibodies.

More results

After correction for multiple comparisons, none of the other viruses showed an association with islet autoimmunity.

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Conclusion

This study supports previous evidence of the risk association of coxsackievirus B infections. These results support the role of certain virus infections as possible modulating factors in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.

Coxsackievirus B Infections Are Associated With the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Children With Strong Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes-Results From the TRIGR Divia Study.

Coxsackievirus B Infections Are Associated With the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Children With Strong Genetic Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes-Results From the TRIGR Divia Study.

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