Frequency of AQP4 and MOG Antibodies in Patients With Optic Neuritis Fulfilling Minimal New Multiple…

Cohort studyNeurology· Apr 2026

Frequency of AQP4 and MOG Antibodies in Patients With Optic Neuritis Fulfilling Minimal New Multiple Sclerosis MRI Criteria.

Romain Deschamps, Caroline Papeix, Sarah Demortiere … Bertrand Audoin

Neuro-ophthalmologyCohort studyDiagnosisQ1IF 3.8

One in four optic neuritis patients meeting minimal multiple sclerosis MRI criteria had AQP4/myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein disease

Frequency of AQP4 and MOG Antibodies in Patients With Optic Neuritis Fulfilling Minimal New Multiple Sclerosis MRI Criteria.

Romain Deschamps … Bertrand Audoin

Neurology · Apr 2026

Purpose

We aimed to assess the frequency of non-multiple sclerosis diagnoses in this context.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with inaugural acute optic neuritis and at least 1 multiple sclerosis-typical lesion in a single brain location on baseline MRI across 3 French centers.

n = 96 patients

Results

nearly 1 in 4 tested positive for other immune diseases, not multiple sclerosis

Non-MS patients

100%

MS patients

24.6%

More results

Longitudinally extensive lesions, bilateral involvement, chiasmal enhancement, or optic perineuritis were observed in 100% of non-multiple sclerosis patients and 24.6% of patients with multiple sclerosis (difference 75.4%, 95% CI: 64.3-86.6; p < 0.001).

All patients without these patterns were ultimately diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

“

Conclusion

DISCUSSION: AQP4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody testing, along with careful orbital MRI interpretation, is recommended in patients with optic neuritis meeting minimal new multiple sclerosis criteria.

Frequency of AQP4 and MOG Antibodies in Patients With Optic Neuritis Fulfilling Minimal New Multiple Sclerosis MRI Criteria.

Frequency of AQP4 and MOG Antibodies in Patients With Optic Neuritis Fulfilling Minimal New Multiple Sclerosis MRI Criteria.

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