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New research · Ophthalmology
Neurology · 12h
Cohort studyNeurology · 2026

Frequency of AQP4 and MOG Antibodies in Patients With Optic Neuritis Fulfilling Minimal New Multiple Sclerosis MRI Criteria.

Romain Deschamps, Caroline Papeix, Sarah Demortiere … Bertrand Audoin
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OphthalmologyCohort study

One in four optic neuritis patients meeting minimal multiple sclerosis MRI criteria had AQP4/myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein disease

Frequency of AQP4 and MOG Antibodies in Patients With Optic Neuritis Fulfilling Minimal New Multiple Sclerosis MRI Criteria.

Romain Deschamps … Bertrand Audoin
Neurology · 2026
Purpose

We aimed to assess the frequency of non-multiple sclerosis diagnoses in this context.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with inaugural acute optic neuritis and at least 1 multiple sclerosis-typical lesion in a single brain location on baseline MRI across 3 French centers.

n = 96 patients
Results

nearly 1 in 4 tested positive for other immune diseases, not multiple sclerosis

Non-MS patients
100%
MS patients
24.6%
More results

Longitudinally extensive lesions, bilateral involvement, chiasmal enhancement, or optic perineuritis were observed in 100% of non-multiple sclerosis patients and 24.6% of patients with multiple sclerosis (difference 75.4%, 95% CI: 64.3-86.6; p < 0.001).

All patients without these patterns were ultimately diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

“
Conclusion

DISCUSSION: AQP4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody testing, along with careful orbital MRI interpretation, is recommended in patients with optic neuritis meeting minimal new multiple sclerosis criteria.

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