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Cohort studyJournal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society · 2026

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Severe Ischemic Manifestations and Tocilizumab Use Among Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study Using TriNetX.

Daniel M Markowitz, Jose S Pulido, Jirat Nimworaphan … Robert C Sergott

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OphthalmologyCohort study

Black patients with giant cell arteritis less likely to receive tocilizumab than White patients

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Severe Ischemic Manifestations and Tocilizumab Use Among Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study Using TriNetX.

Daniel M Markowitz … Robert C Sergott

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society · 2026

Background

Giant cell arteritis (giant cell arteritis) has traditionally been recognized as more common in White populations, but there is limited understanding of its epidemiology and severe ischemic manifestations in other racial and ethnic groups.

Purpose

This study investigated racial and ethnic differences in giant cell arteritis ischemic manifestations and tocilizumab use.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX U.

Results

Black patients were much less likely than White patients to get this treatment

OR by subgroup · 95% CI

More results

Hispanic patients had lower odds of ischemic optic neuropathy (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37-0.98) and receiving tocilizumab (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34-0.74) compared with White patients.

More results

Additionally, compared with White patients, Asian patients were less likely to be diagnosed with blindness/low vision (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.27-0.76), had similar odds of ischemic optic neuropathy, and had no significant differences in tocilizumab use.

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

There may be significant differences in severe ischemic manifestations of giant cell arteritis among non-White patients compared with White patients.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

There also appear to be differences in treatment with tocilizumab between Black and White patients and between Hispanic and White patients, but not between Asian and White patients.

Post

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Severe Ischemic Manifestations and Tocilizumab Use Among Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study Using TriNetX.

Black patients with giant cell arteritis less likely to receive tocilizumab than White patients

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