Pituitary apoplexy: long-term endocrine and neuro-ophthalmologic outcomes according to management strategy…

Cohort studyEndocrine· Mar 2026

Pituitary apoplexy: long-term endocrine and neuro-ophthalmologic outcomes according to management strategy and timing.

Fernando Guerrero-Pérez, Betina Biagetti, Marta Araujo-Castro … Pedro Iglesias

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Neuro-ophthalmologyCohort studyPrognosisQ2IF 3.5

Nearly three-quarters of pituitary apoplexy patients develop chronic hypopituitarism long-term

Pituitary apoplexy: long-term endocrine and neuro-ophthalmologic outcomes according to management strategy and timing.

Fernando Guerrero-Pérez … Pedro Iglesias

Endocrine · Mar 2026

Purpose

This nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes in patients with acute pituitary apoplexy (pituitary apoplexy), focusing on pituitary function, neuro-ophthalmologic sequelae, and mortality.

Methods

Were classified by management strategy: early surgery (≤ 7 days), delayed surgery (8–30 days), elective surgery (> 30 days), or conservative management.

73.2%

Results

73.2%

checked hormone levels showed lasting deficiency, meaning ongoing need for hormone replacement

More results

At baseline, 68.2% were male, with a median age of 60.4 years.

The most frequent symptoms included headache (94.1%), vomiting (61.8%), visual defects (43.6%), and cranial nerve palsies (51.4%).

Persistent visual impairment occurred in 15.5%.

More results

Twenty-five patients (11.4%) died during follow-up, with only one death directly attributed to pituitary apoplexy.

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

Acute pituitary apoplexy is associated with high rates of chronic pituitary deficiencies and neuro-ophthalmologic sequelae. Surgical timing did not influence endocrine or visual outcomes but may improve remission likelihood.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

No significant relationship was identified between mortality and pituitary apoplexy or its management.

Pituitary apoplexy: long-term endocrine and neuro-ophthalmologic outcomes according to management strategy and timing.

Pituitary apoplexy: long-term endocrine and neuro-ophthalmologic outcomes according to management strategy and timing.

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