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New research · Ophthalmology
Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 13h
Cohort studyJournal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026

Comparative long-term outcomes of conventional immunomodulatory therapy, biologic agents, and combination therapy in chronic uveitis.

Charles Zhang, Matthew McSoley, Sinan Ersan … Thomas A Albini
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OphthalmologyCohort study

Combination therapy linked to lower flare risk than conventional therapy alone in chronic uveitis

Comparative long-term outcomes of conventional immunomodulatory therapy, biologic agents, and combination therapy in chronic uveitis.

Charles Zhang … Thomas A Albini
Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026
Background

Chronic non-infectious uveitis can lead to vision loss if not adequately controlled.

Methods

This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX US Collaborate network.

n = 2,912 patients
Results

combination therapy nearly halved the chance of a flare

RR 0.53 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.53)
null 1
0.53
0.53
CI excludes the null - significant
More results

A total of 2,912 patients on conventional immunomodulatory therapy, 736 patients on biologic therapy and 1,313 on combination therapy met the definition of steroid-sparing control.

No difference in the rate of flares was found between combination versus biologic therapy, or conventional immunomodulatory therapy versus biologic therapy at 6-, 12-, 18- and 24 months.

More results

Patients initially treated with conventional immunomodulatory therapy had higher rates of augmentation or switching to biologic therapy at 12 months (RR 1.74; p = 0.0386), 18 months (RR 1.65; p = 0.0219) and 24 months (RR 1.65; p = 0.0114).

“
Conclusion

The current study indicates that for patients with chronic uveitis who achieve steroid-sparing control on immunomodulatory therapy, those treated with a combination of a conventional immunomodulatory therapy and a biologic TNF-α inhibitor have a lower risk of disease activation as compared to those on conventional immunomodulatory therapy.

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