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New research · Ophthalmology
Cureus · 14h
Cohort studyCureus · 2025

Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Children With Enucleated Retinoblastoma and Histopathologic High-Risk Features: Survival Outcomes From a Single Institution in a Middle-Income Country.

Amaranto Suárez, Fernando Rojas, Jennifer Camargo … Martha Piña
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OphthalmologyCohort study

High-risk enucleated retinoblastoma patients given adjuvant chemotherapy had 83.3% ten-year event-free survival

Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Children With Enucleated Retinoblastoma and Histopathologic High-Risk Features: Survival Outcomes From a Single Institution in a Middle-Income Country.

Amaranto Suárez … Martha Piña
Cureus · 2025
Background

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children.

Purpose

To determine the prevalence of histopathologic high-risk features in enucleated retinoblastoma and to assess relapse risk and event-free survival (event-free survival) among patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

Presenting high-risk histopathologic features received adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin (VEC).

n = 101 patients
83.3%
Results
83.3%
of these high-risk patients, most survived cancer-free for ten years after chemo
n = 101 patients
More results

The mean age at diagnosis was 2.1 years.

Histopathologic high-risk features were common: choroidal invasion occurred in 42 (41.6%) (17, 40.4% massive ≥3 mm), postlaminar optic nerve invasion in 11 (26.2%), and positive optic nerve margin in 16 (38%).

More results

Scleral invasion was identified in 20 (21.5%), and anterior chamber invasion in 14 (14%).

Thirteen patients (13%) relapsed, all with fatal outcomes.

“
Conclusion · 1 of 2

Histopathologic high-risk features are common among children undergoing enucleation for advanced retinoblastoma.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Adjuvant chemotherapy is warranted in cases with massive choroidal invasion, scleral infiltration, or postlaminar optic nerve involvement, given their strong association with metastatic relapse.

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