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Cohort studyThe Medical journal of Malaysia · 2026

Non-specific orbital inflammation: Clinical and histopathological insights from a 6-year single-centre Malaysian cohort.

S J Sharifah Izzati, M J Farez Mukhriz, A R Adlina … M Shahidatul Adha

OphthalmologyCohort study

Recurrence occurred in 25% of treated non-specific orbital inflammation cases.

Non-specific orbital inflammation: Clinical and histopathological insights from a 6-year single-centre Malaysian cohort.

S J Sharifah Izzati … M Shahidatul Adha

The Medical journal of Malaysia · 2026

Background

Non-specific orbital inflammation (non-specific orbital inflammation), formerly known as idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease (idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease), is a rare, exclusion-based orbital disorder with diverse clinical manifestations.

Purpose

This study evaluates the demographic patterns, clinical features, histopathological profiles, and treatment outcomes of non-specific orbital inflammation cases managed at a tertiary referral centre in Malaysia.

Methods

A six-year retrospective review was conducted at a tertiary referral centre in northern Malaysia, involving 36 patients diagnosed with non-specific orbital inflammation between January 2018 and December 2023.

n = 36 patients

Results

25%

about 1 in 4 treated cases had symptoms return after improving

n = 36 patients

More results

Most patients were male (61.1%), with a mean age of 43.6 years.

Unilateral involvement predominated (77.8%).

Common presentations included periorbital swelling (69.4%), ophthalmoplegia (22.2%), conjunctival mass (22.2%), and proptosis (19.4%).

More results

Imaging revealed frequent involvement of the lacrimal gland (45.8%), extraocular muscles (37.5%), and conjunctiva (37.5%).

“

Conclusion · 1 of 3

Non-specific orbital inflammation shows varied clinical and anatomical patterns.

Conclusion · 2 of 3

Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment, but conservative management is appropriate in stable, nonprogressive cases when close monitoring and diagnostic exclusion are assured.

Conclusion · 3 of 3

These findings support individualised therapeutic strategies and long-term followup.

Post

Non-specific orbital inflammation: Clinical and histopathological insights from a 6-year single-centre Malaysian cohort.

Recurrence occurred in 25% of treated non-specific orbital inflammation cases.

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