Factors associated with mortality among retinoblastoma patients in Malaysia: A retrospective cohort study.

Cohort studyThe Medical journal of Malaysia· Dec 2025

Factors associated with mortality among retinoblastoma patients in Malaysia: A retrospective cohort study.

Z Nor-Aizura, N Wan-Arfah, N N Naing … M A Salowi

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Ocular OncologyCohort studyPrognosisQ3IF 0.8

Bilateral retinoblastoma linked to nearly 4-fold higher mortality risk than unilateral disease.

Factors associated with mortality among retinoblastoma patients in Malaysia: A retrospective cohort study.

Z Nor-Aizura … M A Salowi

The Medical journal of Malaysia · Dec 2025 · Q3 in General Medicine

Background

Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular cancer worldwide.

Purpose

The present study aims to identify the associated factors that predict mortality among retinoblastoma patients in Malaysia.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on retinoblastoma patients diagnosed between January 2004 and April 2023 at hospitals with paediatric ophthalmology services in Malaysia.

Results

bilateral (both-eye) disease meant nearly 4-fold higher risk of death

AHR by subgroup · 95% CI

More results

Of these, 22 (5.5%) patients died, while 353 (87.8%) were alive and under follow-up at the end of the study, and 27 (6.7%) were lost to follow-up.

The univariable Cox regression model identified laterality, lag time, and recurrence as the associated factors.

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

This study found that bilateral and longer lag time were independent prognostic factors associated with higher mortality among retinoblastoma patients in Malaysia.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

These results highlight the utmost importance of early diagnosis and access to appropriate treatment to improve survival outcomes for retinoblastoma patients.

Factors associated with mortality among retinoblastoma patients in Malaysia: A retrospective cohort study.

Factors associated with mortality among retinoblastoma patients in Malaysia: A retrospective cohort study.

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