Immunohistochemistry analysis of P16 INK4a in pre-invasive ocular surface squamous neoplasia tissue samples infected and not infected by human papilloma virus at an academic laboratory in Northern Tshwane.

The tumour suppressor gene P16 INK4a serves as a key biomarker for high-risk humanpailloma virus (high-risk humanpailloma virus) infection in squamous neoplasms.

The study analysed ocular surface squamous neoplasia samples of 35 females (60.34%) and 23 males (39.66%), with a mean age of 41.8 years.

The P16 INK4a was detected in both high-risk (HR) and low-risk (low-risk) HPV positive conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia) grade III cases.