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New research · Ophthalmology
Frontiers in medicine · 1d
Cohort studyFrontiers in medicine · 2026

Histopathological spectrum of ocular masses in a tertiary eye center in Northern China: a 12-year retrospective analysis.

Shanshan Ren, Pengfen Wang, Bin Li … Miaomiao Zhang
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OphthalmologyCohort study

Odds of malignant ocular masses rise sharply in patients over 60.

Histopathological spectrum of ocular masses in a tertiary eye center in Northern China: a 12-year retrospective analysis.

Shanshan Ren … Miaomiao Zhang
Frontiers in medicine · 2026
Purpose

To characterize the clinicopathological spectrum of ocular masses diagnosed over 12 years at a tertiary referral center in Northern China and identify demographic and regional patterns relevant to clinical practice.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 1,345 ocular masses diagnosed at Jinan Second People's Hospital between February 2014 and July 2025.

Results

being over 60 more than triples the odds of a malignant ocular mass

OR by subgroup · 95% CI
null = 1
odds of malignancy
0.21
odds of malignancy
3.29
More results

Of the 1,345 masses, 1,146 (85.2%) were non-malignant and 199 (14.8%) malignant.

Lesions were located in the eyelid (35.2%), ocular surface (35.7%), intraocular region (1.8%), and orbit (27.3%).

For orbital masses, hemangiomas (21.1%) were the most frequent benign lesions, and lymphoma (51.9%) was the leading malignancy.

More results

The majority of malignancies occurred in patients aged > 60 years (132/199, 66.3%).

“
Conclusion

Most ocular masses were non-malignant. The overall risk of malignancy increased significantly after age 60, and this trend was primarily driven by extraocular lesions.

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