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Cohort studyJournal of neurointerventional surgery · 2026

Predictors of enucleation after intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.

Joanna Roy, Victor Gabriel El-Hajj, Taweevat Attaseth … Pascal Jabbour

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OphthalmologyCohort study

Advanced-stage retinoblastoma at diagnosis is linked to much higher odds of eye removal.

Predictors of enucleation after intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.

Joanna Roy … Pascal Jabbour

Journal of neurointerventional surgery · 2026

Background

Intra-arterial chemotherapy (intra-arterial chemotherapy) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment modality for globe salvage in patients with retinoblastoma (Rb).

Purpose

Our study identifies predictors of enucleation among Rb patients receiving intra-arterial chemotherapy.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of Rb patients who received intra-arterial chemotherapy between January 2010 and December 2024 at a single center in the United States.

n = 305 patients

Results

advanced-stage cancer at diagnosis meant far higher odds the eye was removed

OR by subgroup · 95% CI

More results

Of 305 patients, 26.89% (n=82) underwent enucleation and 73.11% (n=223) did not.

More results

The use of combination chemotherapy was associated with lower odds for enucleation compared with single-agent chemotherapy (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.80, p=0.016), whereas double-agent chemotherapy was not significantly associated with enucleation (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.75, p=0.75).

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

Larger tumors, bilateral disease, and advanced-stage disease were linked to higher odds of enucleation, whereas combination chemotherapy was associated with lower odds compared with single-agent chemotherapy.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Future studies could help validate these results.

Post

Predictors of enucleation after intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.

Advanced-stage retinoblastoma at diagnosis is linked to much higher odds of eye removal.

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