Clinical characteristics of thyroid eye disease with restrictive strabismus.
Restrictive strabismus occurred in 6.5% of thyroid eye disease patients.
Clinical characteristics of thyroid eye disease with restrictive strabismus.
Restrictive strabismus is a major cause of diplopia and impaired quality of life in thyroid eye disease (thyroid eye disease), but its clinical and imaging characteristics remain incompletely understood.
This study investigated the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance imaging) characteristics of thyroid eye disease patients with restrictive strabismus at initial presentation.
Among 5,234 thyroid eye disease patients treated between 2009 and 2024, 339 patients (6.5%) with clinically confirmed restrictive strabismus and supportive magnetic resonance imaging findings were retrospectively included.
Patients with active extraocular muscles had higher Clinical Activity Score scores than those with stable muscles ( P < 0.01).
Monocular-onset patients showed higher Clinical Activity Score and NOSPECS scores (both P < 0.01).
Hyperthyroid patients had higher NOSPECS scores than euthyroid patients ( P < 0.01).
Longer disease duration before presentation was associated with smaller muscle area, less inflammation, and reduced edema, whereas higher Clinical Activity Score scores correlated with larger muscle area and more severe edema.
Orbital magnetic resonance imaging may help evaluate extraocular muscle activity and guide strabismus surgery timing.