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Case-controlOphthalmic epidemiology · 2026

Factors Associated with Pediatric Keratoconus - A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.

Or Ben-Shaul, Sharon Schwartz, Adi Segal … Michael Mimouni

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OphthalmologyCase-control

Intellectual disability strongly associated with pediatric keratoconus risk

Factors Associated with Pediatric Keratoconus - A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.

Or Ben-Shaul … Michael Mimouni

Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2026

Purpose

This study aimed to assess factors associated with pediatric keratoconus in a large, population-based cohort.

Methods

This retrospective population-based nested case-control study utilized data from "Clalit" healthcare provider, Israel's largest.

Results

having an intellectual disability more than doubles keratoconus risk

OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.40 to 2.58)

null 1

0.40

2.58

CI crosses the null - not significant

More results

There were 19,530 age-matched healthy subjects in the control group.

Smoking (OR = 0.73, p = 0.007), middle socioeconomic status (socioeconomic status) (OR = 0.71, p = 0.001), and high socioeconomic status (OR = 0.57, p = 0.001) were inversely associated with pediatric keratoconus.

More results

Diabetes mellitus showed no significant association with keratoconus risk (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.40-2.58, p = 0.982).

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

Male gender, asthma, intellectual disability, allergy, and atopic dermatitis were linked with increased risk, while smoking, middle socioeconomic status, and high socioeconomic status were inversely associated with pediatric keratoconus.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

These findings provide valuable insights into possible areas of focus for early detection and preventative interventions in high-risk populations.

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Factors Associated with Pediatric Keratoconus - A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.

Intellectual disability strongly associated with pediatric keratoconus risk

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