Temperature and osmotic pressure dual-stimuli-responsive ophthalmic gels embedded with HPCD-modified nanoparticles for prolonged-release delivery of natamycin.

However, natamycin bioavailability is less than 2% due to special environment of the eye.

As a result, the nanoparticles with a hydrophilic membrane (F2) demonstrated more superior stability than the plain nanoparticle (F1).

Subsequently, F2 was incorporated into a temperature- and osmolarity dual-responsive ophthalmic gel (Tem-Osm gel).

Moreover, the in vitro antifungal experiments demonstrated that F2 and Tem-Osm gel exhibited more superior antifungal activity, lower MIC/EC50 values and larger inhibition zones than the natamycin suspension.