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New research · Ophthalmology
Survey of ophthalmology · 3d
ReviewSurvey of ophthalmology · 2026

Retinal and choroidal thickness alterations detected by optical coherence tomography in human immunodeficiency virus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Makan Ziafati, Zahra Valizadeh, Shakiba Rahimi … J Fernando Arevalo
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OphthalmologyReview

Human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with thinning of the retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer

Retinal and choroidal thickness alterations detected by optical coherence tomography in human immunodeficiency virus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Makan Ziafati … J Fernando Arevalo
Survey of ophthalmology · 2026
Background

Retinal and choroidal structural alterations have increasingly been recognized in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, although findings from optical coherence tomography (optical coherence tomography) studies remain inconsistent.

Methods

We evaluated retinal and choroidal thickness changes measured by optical coherence tomography in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals compared with healthy controls.

n = 21 studies
Results

hiv-related nerve cell layer thinning in the eye, worse than uninfected controls

SMD by subgroup · 95% CI
null = 0
thinning of the macular ganglion
-0.55
foveal inner plexiform layer
-0.36
global RNFL
-0.20
Peripheral macular ganglion cell layer
0.17
outer plexiform layer thickness
0.35
More results

Standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models.

Peripheral macular ganglion cell layer (SMD 0.17; 95% CI 0.01-0.32;P = 0.034) and outer plexiform layer thickness (SMD 0.35; 95% CI 0.18-0.52;P < 0.001) were significantly increased.

More results

Choroidal thickness was comparable between human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals and healthy controls (SMD 0.15; 95% CI -0.28-0.58;P = 0.49).

“
Conclusion

These findings support the concept of human immunodeficiency virus-related neuroretinal involvement and suggest that optical coherence tomography-derived retinal parameters may serve as noninvasive biomarkers for detecting neurodegenerative changes in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

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