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New research · Ophthalmology
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 3d
Cross-sectionalMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026

Cold Extremities and Underweight as a Combined Risk Profile for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Korea.

Kwang-Ho Bae, Youngseop Lee, Man Young Park … Yong-Sik Park
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OphthalmologyCross-sectional

Combined cold extremities and underweight linked to higher odds of open-angle glaucoma

Cold Extremities and Underweight as a Combined Risk Profile for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Korea.

Kwang-Ho Bae … Yong-Sik Park
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026
Background

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide.

Methods

Using nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2012 ( n = 8135; controls 7418, open-angle glaucoma 717), participants aged ≥ 50 years with measured intraocular pressure within the normal range (5-21 mmHg) at the time of examination were classified into four groups: non-underweight without cold extremities (N-N, reference), cold extremities only (cold extremities only), underweight only (underweight only), and underweight with cold extremities (UW+CE).

n = 8135
Results

cold hands plus underweight together meant higher odds of glaucoma

OR 2.10 (95% CI 1.14 to 3.88)
null = 11.143.88
CI excludes the null - significant
“
Conclusion

Co-occurring cold extremities and underweight status were associated with a combined hemodynamic risk profile for open-angle glaucoma, suggesting their potential utility as clinically accessible noninvasive markers for the early identification of highly vulnerable individuals and informing proactive glaucoma screening strategies.

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