Survival outcomes after orbital exenteration for recurrent or previously treated orbital malignancies: impact of margin status and metastatic spread.

Nodal and/or distant metastatic status and positive surgical margins were associated with worse survival outcomes after orbital exenteration for recurrent or previously treated orbital malignancies.

Most adverse events occurred within the first postoperative year, suggesting a clinically relevant early risk period.

Given the histological heterogeneity of the cohort, these findings should be interpreted as prognostic patterns in a salvage orbital oncology population and require validation in larger disease-specific series.