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New research · Ophthalmology
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 5d
Cohort studyInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026

Anisometropia and Its Related Traits: Ocular, Systemic, and Genetic Characteristics-Results From the Gutenberg Health Study.

Anna Maria Welzel, Elsa Wilma Böhm, Peter Wolfrum … Alexander K Schuster
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OphthalmologyCohort study

Anisometropia of at least 1 diopter affects about 1 in 7 adults

Anisometropia and Its Related Traits: Ocular, Systemic, and Genetic Characteristics-Results From the Gutenberg Health Study.

Anna Maria Welzel … Alexander K Schuster
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026
Purpose

To analyze potential associations of anisometropia with ocular, systemic, and genetic factors in the general population in Germany.

Methods

The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based cohort study from Mainz, Germany, including 15,010 participants aged 35 to 74 years.

n = 15,010 participants
Results

about 1 in 7 adults had eyes that focus noticeably differently from each other

OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.08)
null = 11.031.08
CI excludes the null - significant
More results

The median axial length difference between both eyes was 0.12 mm (range, 0-8.11 mm).

Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02; P < 0.001) and years of education (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08; P < 0.001) were associated with anisometropia of ≥1 D.

More results

Female sex was inversely associated with hyperopic anisometropia of ≥1 D (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.96; P = 0.02).

Genome-wide association study on intereye difference in axial length revealed a significant (P < 5 × 10-8) association of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms at the intron of DNAH5.

“
Conclusion · 1 of 2

Higher refractive error is associated with an increased risk for anisometropia. Myopic anisometropia was associated with years of education. The intereye difference in axial length was associated with years of education and body height.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

This study identified a single genomic locus at the intron of DNAH5 to be associated with intereye differences in axial length.

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