Ophthalmology journal article processing charges for publications in a post-COVID world.

Univariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant impact of hybrid mode ( P < 0.001), traditional mode ( P = 0.046), and impact factor >1 ( P < 0.001).

Multivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant effect of the modality of publication on journal article processing charges.

Intermodality analysis showed significantly higher article processing charges for hybrid journals than open access or traditional journals, without statistically significant differences in frequency of publication or impact factor.