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ReviewJournal of clinical medicine · 2026

Nose-to-Eye Delivery: The Potential of Intranasal Administration in Ophthalmology.

Maria Letizia Adezio, Danilo Iannetta, Gianluca Manni … Ludovico Alisi

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OphthalmologyReview

Conventional eye drops provide very low drug delivery to the eye.

Nose-to-Eye Delivery: The Potential of Intranasal Administration in Ophthalmology.

Maria Letizia Adezio … Ludovico Alisi

Journal of clinical medicine · 2026

Purpose

This review explores the intranasal (intranasal) route as a promising strategy for targeting both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.

less than 5%

Results

less than 5%

very little medicine from eye drops actually reaches the eye

More results

Pre-clinical evidence indicates that intranasal administration of agents such as erythropoietin, nerve growth factor, and insulin achieves superior retinal concentrations compared to topical or systemic dosing, offering neuroprotection in models of retinal degeneration and glaucoma.

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Conclusion

Future advancements in mucoadhesive nanocarriers are essential to optimize drug residence time and realize the full potential of nose-to-eye delivery in chronic ophthalmic care.

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Nose-to-Eye Delivery: The Potential of Intranasal Administration in Ophthalmology.

Conventional eye drops provide very low drug delivery to the eye.

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