Diabetic Retinopathy in Primary Healthcare in a Brazilian Municipality: A Cross-Sectional Study Using…

Cross-sectionalHealth care science· May 2026

Diabetic Retinopathy in Primary Healthcare in a Brazilian Municipality: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Teleophthalmology.

Lorrana Luysse Dos Anjos Assis, Fernando Korn Malerbi, Rosiane Chiaroti … Rinaldo Eduardo Machado de Oliveira

RetinaCross-sectionalDiagnosisQ1IF 6.5

Diabetic retinopathy found in 28.3% of insulin users in Brazilian primary care

Diabetic Retinopathy in Primary Healthcare in a Brazilian Municipality: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Teleophthalmology.

Lorrana Luysse Dos Anjos Assis … Rinaldo Eduardo Machado de Oliveira

Health care science · May 2026

Background

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes and the leading cause of irreversible blindness in people of working age.

Purpose

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among individuals taking insulin who attend the primary healthcare in the municipality of Jardinópolis, state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 152 participants, in which data collection occurred in March 2023 by means of interviews, laboratory exams and fundoscopy with a portable retinal camera mounted onto a device attached to a smartphone.

n = 152 participants

28.3%

Results

28.3%

share of insulin users whose eye scans showed diabetes-related damage to the retina

n = 152 participants

More results

No association was found between diabetic retinopathy and the variables investigated.

Concordance test between self-reported and diagnosed diabetic retinopathy showed a Kappa coefficient of 0.30 (95% CI, 0.13-0.47), in which 16.5% of the participants reported having no diabetic retinopathy despite being diagnosed as having it.

More results

However, 9.9% of the participants self-reporting having diabetic retinopathy were not diagnosed with it.

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is within the national range. The lack of knowledge on the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and aspects related to such a complication of diabetes was found to be worrying.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Therefore, one highlights the importance of primary healthcare programmes in promoting integral care to people with diabetes, including ocular health.

Diabetic Retinopathy in Primary Healthcare in a Brazilian Municipality: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Teleophthalmology.

Diabetic Retinopathy in Primary Healthcare in a Brazilian Municipality: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Teleophthalmology.

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